Impact of Irrigation with Contaminated Water on Heavy Metal Bioaccumulation in Water Chestnut (Trapa natans L.)

This study investigated the monitoring of six heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) in pond water, sludge, cultivated water chestnut (Trapa natans L.) crops Saharanpur district Uttar Pradesh, India. For this purpose, samples T. plant (nut, shoot, root) were collected November 2021 2022 from three zones (Zone 1: agricultural area irrigated with borewell Zone 2: urban municipal wastewater, 3: rural mixed type wastewater) subsequently analyzed for metal concentration using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results showed that physicochemical characteristics sludge significantly (p < 0.05) higher 2 3 than to those 1. root was comparatively high followed by shoot nut parts. bioaccumulation factor (BAF) maximum while as a reference medium compared sludge. Overall, increasing order observed Cd Cr Cu Zn Mn Fe. In edible part (nut) natans, average contents (0.005 ± 0.002 mg/kg), (0.134 0.009 (1.043 0.104 Fe (9.589 0.957 (4.326 0.753 (1.540 0.537 mg/kg) less revealed contaminated irrigation supplies at highest BAF Because concentrations parts did not exceed threshold limits, sources region India should be used safe controlled manner.